{"product_id":"9780387902487","title":"Heidelberg Science Library: The Routinization of Computer Programming in the United States","description":"\u003ch1\u003eHeidelberg Science Library: The Routinization of Computer Programming in the United States\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKraft, P.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorbert Wiener, perhaps better than anyone else, understood the intimate and delicate relationship between control and communication: that messages intended as commands do not necessarily differ from those intended simply as facts. Wiener noted the paradox when the modem computer was hardly more than a laboratory curiosity. Thirty years later, the same paradox is at the heart of a severe identity crisis which con­ fronts computer programmers. Are they primarily members of \"management\" acting as foremen, whose task it is to ensure that orders emanating from executive suites are faithfully trans­ lated into comprehensible messages? Or are they perhaps sim­ ply engineers preoccupied with the technical difficulties of relating \"software\" to \"hardware\" and vice versa? Are they aware, furthermore, of the degree to which their work­ whether as manager or engineer-routinizes the work of others and thereby helps shape the structure of social class relation­ ships? I doubt that many of us who lived through the first heady and frantic years of software development-at places like the RAND and System Development Corporations-ever took time to think about such questions. The science fiction-like setting of mysterious machines, blinking lights, and torrents of numbers served to awe outsiders who could only marvel at the complexity of it all. We were insiders who constituted a secret society into which only initiates were welcome. So today I marvel at the boundless audacity of a rank out­ sider in writing a book like Programmers and Managers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 1977-07-18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9780387902487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4613-9420-4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 235cm x155cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 118\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer New York","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47672150065292,"sku":"9780387902487","price":49.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780387902487.jpg?v=1776520403","url":"https:\/\/lateknightbooks.com\/products\/9780387902487","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}