Provides a comprehensive description of the connections between kinetic theory and fluid dynamics. Presented are applications and models of physical problems such as flows induced by temperature fields, evaporation and condensation problems, examples of the ghost effect, and bifurcation of flows. The presentation is geared toward theoretical physicists, applied mathematicians, and engineers; thus, the monograph serves as a bridge for those working in different communities where kinetic theory is important. Classroom text for graduate students, or self-study resource for researchers and practitioners.