When this title was originally published in 1986, a number of systems of communication had recently been developed for people with intellectual disabilities and varying degrees of language disability. These systems had diverse histories: some, such as Amerind, had ethnographic roots; Peabody Rebus was initially a pre-reading programme; Non-SLIP was adapted from the attempts of primate researchers to teach apes; while others were the creations of particular innovators such as Sir Richard Paget, Charles Bliss or the Makaton group. Some developments were extensions of systems devised for deaf or people with physical disabilities.

As a result, many teachers and speech therapists were confused as to which system was most appropriate in what circumstances. Many systems, indeed, were poorly evaluated. The purpose of this book was to describe various signing and symbol systems which existed, point out their advantages and limitations and suggest circumstances in which each might be appropriate. It is not claimed that there are easy answers, but it was hoped that teachers and speech therapists would find the book an invaluable practical guide.

This book is a reissue originally published in 1986. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.

Philip R. Jones was, at the time of original publication, an Educational Psychologist for Nottinghamshire County Council.

Ailsa Cregan was, at the time of original publication, Headteacher of a special school in the London Borough of Brent.