{"product_id":"9781461292005","title":"Phonological Parsing in Speech Recognition","description":"\u003ch1\u003ePhonological Parsing in Speech Recognition\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eChurch, K.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is well-known that phonemes have different acoustic realizations depending on the context. Thus, for example, the phoneme \/t! is typically realized with a heavily aspirated strong burst at the beginning of a syllable as in the word Tom, but without a burst at the end of a syllable in a word like cat. Variation such as this is often considered to be problematic for speech recogni­ tion: (1) \"In most systems for sentence recognition, such modifications must be viewed as a kind of 'noise' that makes it more difficult to hypothesize lexical candidates given an in­ put phonetic transcription. To see that this must be the case, we note that each phonological rule [in a certain example] results in irreversible ambiguity-the phonological rule does not have a unique inverse that could be used to recover the underlying phonemic representation for a lexical item. For example, . . . schwa vowels could be the first vowel in a word like 'about' or the surface realization of almost any English vowel appearing in a sufficiently destressed word. The tongue flap [(] could have come from a \/t! or a \/d\/. \" [65, pp. 548-549] This view of allophonic variation is representative of much of the speech recognition literature, especially during the late 1970's. One can find similar statements by Cole and Jakimik [22] and by Jelinek [50].\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2011-10-12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9781461292005\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4613-2013-5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 254.0cm x178.0cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 272.0\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer US","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44422269141132,"sku":"9781461292005","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9781461292005.jpg?v=1767147701","url":"https:\/\/lateknightbooks.com\/products\/9781461292005","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}