{"product_id":"9781461597865","title":"Producers and Scroungers: Strategies of Exploitation and Parasitism","description":"\u003ch1\u003eProducers and Scroungers: Strategies of Exploitation and Parasitism\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBarnard, C. J.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMany associations between organisms, both intra-and interspecific, can be usefully regarded as 'producer\/scrounger' (P\/S) relationships. One or more individuals or species (scroungers) within the association in some way use the behavioural or physiological investment of others (pro­ ducers) to reduce their costs of obtaining a limited resource. Examples are legion: many parasites take up more or less permanent residence in or on a host individual and use the host's ingestive, digestive or circu­ latory processes to reduce their own feeding costs; pirate (ldepto­ parasitic) individuals or species exploit the foraging investment of 'host' individuals\/species by stealing procured food; inter- and intraspecific brood parasites exploit the nest-building behaviour and parental care of other species\/individuals; non-displaying 'satellite' males may usurp matings (ldeptogamy) from higher ranking males whose display effort has attracted females to a courtship gathering, and so on. Scroungers appear to reduce the costs of exploiting a resource by letting producers invest the necessary time and energy in foraging, building, incubating, displaying, defending, evolving anti-predator adaptations, etc. , and then usurping the results of their efforts. The utility of scrounging, however, is conditional on a number of factors including the availability of producers, the number of scroungers exploiting them, the cost of scrounging in terms of producer avoidance, defence and\/or retaliation, the value of the limited resource and the scope for alternative strategies of resource exploitation. This book brings together theoretical and empirical studies of PIS relationships in a wide variety of contexts and species.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2012-02-05\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9781461597865\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4615-9784-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 216cm x140cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 303\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer US","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47673256018060,"sku":"9781461597865","price":49.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9781461597865.jpg?v=1776526808","url":"https:\/\/lateknightbooks.com\/products\/9781461597865","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}