The fourth installment of "The Year in Immunology" series features reviews of novel approaches in the investigation of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Topics surveyed include cutting-edge molecular studies and treatment advances for systemic lupus erythmatosus and multiple sclerosis, the genetic regulation of lymphocytes and T cells, and new models of immunosenescence.

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Noel R. Rose, MD, PhD, is a Professor of Pathology and of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at Johns Hopkins University. He is also the Director for the Center for Autoimmune Disease Research at the university.