The three-volume set of LNCS 12532, 12533, and 12534 constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2020, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2020. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually.The 187 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 618 submissions. The papers address the emerging topics of theoretical research, empirical studies, and applications of neural information processing techniques across different domains. The first volume, LNCS 12532, is organized in topical sections on human-computer interaction; image processing and computer vision; natural language processing.