This monograph contains the advances achieved based on the content of
our previous monograph published in 2011. In other words, the present
monograph can be considered as "Part II" containing new results
accomplished in the last decade. These were published in several reputed
international journals based on the concept of natural time discussed in
detail in our earlier monograph.  The analysis in natural time enables
the study of the dynamical evolution of a complex system and identifieswhen the system enters a critical stage. A wide range of applications
are discussed, such as the cases of environmental extreme
events-disasters and sudden cardiac death. More light is shed on changes
of natural time features before major earthquakes like the 2011 M9
Tohoku earthquake in Japan and the 2017 M8.2 Chiapas earthquake in
Mexico. Hence, natural time analysis plays a key role in predicting
impending catastrophic events in general with a primary audienceResearchers and Academics in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Medicine.