The book is composed of 15 chapters in total. All chapters presented by the authors (co-authors) are published in the author’s edition and aim to present an issue on how to achieve more sustainable and more environmentally safe development of modern transport and energy sector. The chapters are grouped into 3 parts. The first part “Decisions for alternative energy sources use in modern transport” represents novel solutions in alternative energy sources development and implementation in different spheres of the modern transport sector. The second part “Solutions for reducing negative impact of energy and transport on environment” is devoted to advances in technologies aimed on reducing impact of energy and transport sectors on environment and utilization of waste. The third part of the book “Advance in alternative motor fuels technology” represents recent developments in chemical technology of alternative fuels production and aspects of modern fuels quality control.