This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of engineering optimization, presented at the 2nd Engineering and Applied Sciences Optimization (OPT-ii) and held in Amman, Jordan, on October 1–4, 2024, jointly with conferences OPTARCH2024 and ADDOPTML2024. It covers topics such as shape and topology optimization, structural optimization, optimization in micro- and nano-mechanics, lifecycle design optimization and structural health monitoring, multidisciplinary and multiphysics design optimization, multiple criteria decision making and optimization. Written by leading researchers and engineers, and selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, the contributions highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.