This book features a selection of works presented at the 4th International Conference on Biogeosciences in a unified framework. It focuses on the physical and mathematical modeling of natural processes and environments at different spatial and temporal scales. To accomplish such an interdisciplinary task, contents are grouped according to the planetary “spheres”: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It is also presented a part on the development and application of algorithms and technologies for Biogeosciences.

Professor Rolando Cardenas finished B Sc in Chemistry in 1988, PhD in Physics in 2003 and Doctorate in Science in 2019. Since its foundation in 2010, he is the Director of the Planetary Science Laboratory of Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu‘‘ de Las Villas (Santa Clara, Cuba). His main research interest is mathematical modeling of natural environments, especially applied to Oceanography, Biophysics, and Planetary Science in general.