This book is proposed to be a collection of excellently peer-reviewed manuscripts from the 2025 16th International Conference on Environmental Science and Development (ICESD 2025), which was held successfully during June 6-8, 2025 in Xiamen, China. It aims to provide a unique platform for researchers, scientists, engineers and professionals from all over the world to present their latest research results and new ideas in terms of environmental science and development. We deeply appreciate their active participation in ICESD 2025. ICESD 2025 was organized by International Society for Environmental Information Sciences, co-organized by Xiamen Society for Environmental Sciences and United Nations Development Programme, hosted by Jimei University, China. This conference was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3206503) and the Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52221003).

The conference received strong support from experts, practitioners and researchers from various countries. During the conference, our conference honorary chair, Prof. Gordon Huang from the University of Regina, Canada hosted the opening ceremony for the conference. Our conference chair, Prof. Chaotian Xie from Jimei University, China and Dr. Weidong Zhang from United Nations Development Programme were invited to give Opening Remarks for the conference. Prof. Huining Xiao from University of New Brunswisk, Canada, Prof. Guangwei Huang from Sophia University, Japan and Prof. Shin-Cheng YEH from National Taiwan Normal University provided wonderful keynote presentations. ICESD 2025 has received submissions contributed by researchers from many countries, such as China, Thailand, United States, Australia, Egypt, Malaysia and other countries. After two rounds of rigorous peer reviews, 47 papers were selected in this proceeding, within the scope of environmental science and development such as 1) Water Treatment and Quality Control: Technologies, Mechanisms, and Applications, 2) Watershed Hydrological Modeling and Water-Ecology-Energy-Food Nexus Management, and 3) Low-Carbon Technology and Carbon Management Innovation and others. We sincerely thank all the authors, the conference committee members, and the reviewers for their participation and support.

Dr. Yongping Li is a professor at Beijing Normal University, China. She receives her MSc and PhD Degrees from the University of Regina, Canada. Her research interests involve in energy and environmental systems analysis, environmental pollution control, water resources management, and decision making under uncertainty. Dr. Li has led or involved in over 50 energy- and environment- related research projects supported by industrial, governmental and international organizations. She has produced over 350 peer-refereed international journal papers (with an SCI-based H-index of 40 in Science Citation Index under Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science), and supervised over 70 Master/PhD students. She has been continuously selected as a highly cited scholar in the field of “environmental science” (by Elsevier) since 2013. She was recently included in Stanford University’s 2020 World Ranking for the world’s top 2 per cent of most-cited scientists in the field of Environmental Engineering. Dr. Li was received a number of awards such as Distinguished Young Scientist Award, New Century Excellent Talents in University, the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar, the National Award for Youth in Science and Technology, and the National Award for Youth Female Scientist.

Dr. Gordon (Guohe) Huang is a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Energy and Environment, and Executive Director of the Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities at the University of Regina, Canada. He holds BSC from Peking University (China), MSc from Simon Fraser University (Canada) and PhD from McMaster University (Canada). Since the 1990s, Huang has led over 150 research projects, produced over 800 peer-refereed international journal papers (with an SCI-based H-index of 51 in Science Citation Index under Thomson Reuters' Web of Science), and supervised over 100 Master/PhD students (with degrees awarded). Over 20 Huang's PhD graduates were appointed as faculty members at universities in Canada, USA, China and Singapore. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the President of the International Society for Environmental Information Sciences. He also acts as editor-in-chief for Journal of Environmental Informatics, and serves the United Nations Development Programme as Chief Scientist for a program of Rural Water Resources Management and Drinking Water Safety. His pioneering work in environmental risk management has been recognized as a significant innovation, and has influenced government and business approaches for tackling environmental challenges and formulating related policies.

Dr. Chaotian Xie is the President of the Jimei University, China. He holds PhD from Xiamen University, China. His research is focused on the improvement of variety breeding and cultivation technology of Neoporphyra haitanensis (Tan Zicai), functional genomics of Seaweeds, molecular mechanisms of seaweed stress resistance, and processes and mechanisms of seaweed carbon sink. He has led 14 research projects, supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program, and Fujian Provincial Outstanding Young Scientist Fund. In addition, he has published 18 SCI peer-reviewed papers and awarded 3 national and provincial awards.