This volume comprises a selection of papers originally presented at the 6th International Workshop on Branching Processes and Their Applications (IWBPA24), held from April 8 to 12, 2024, in Badajoz, Spain. The contributions cover a broad spectrum of both theoretical and applied topics within the field of branching process theory. Together, they highlight the ongoing vitality and significance of this research area—not only in advancing core mathematical theory but also in tackling emerging challenges across diverse applied fields such as Epidemiology, Biology, Genetics, and Population Dynamics.

The topics explored in this volume can be broadly categorized into the following areas:

1.      Markovian and non-Markovian branching trees

2.      Branching processes in Biology, Genetics, and Epidemiology

3.      Multitype and infinite-type branching processes

4.      Branching random walks

5.      Special branching models

6.      Statistical inference in branching processes

Serving as a valuable resource for current research, this volume also identifies numerous open problems, paving the way for future developments in both theoretical and applied contexts.

The editors of this volume are faculty members in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Extremadura, Spain. They form a research group with a strong focus on the probabilistic and inferential aspects of branching processes, as well as their applications—particularly in Population Dynamics, Genetics, and Epidemiology. Their academic contributions include the supervision of numerous doctoral dissertations and the publication of a substantial body of research in the field. In addition to their research activities, they have organized six editions of the International Workshop on Branching Processes and Their Applications (IWBPA), and have participated in a wide range of national and international scientific meetings.