{"product_id":"9783032333216","title":"The Paradox of Biology Complexity, Redundancy, and the Evolution of Health and Human Freedom","description":"\u003ch1\u003eThe Paradox of Biology\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003ch2\u003eComplexity, Redundancy, and the Evolution of Health and Human Freedom\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eRama Shankar Singh\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eScience \/ Philosophy \u0026amp; Social Aspects\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003eDespite major advances since Darwin and the discovery of DNA, biology continues to grapple with three unresolved foundational questions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e1.\u003cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003e            \u003c\/span\u003eWhat differentiates the living from the non-living?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e2.\u003cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003e            \u003c\/span\u003eHow can mechanistic and teleological (finalistic) perspectives in biology be reconciled?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e3.\u003cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003e            \u003c\/span\u003eWhat accounts for the extraordinary evolutionary success of humans?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003eThese questions remained largely inaccessible until the advent of genomics. The Human Genome Project (HGP), launched in 2000, promised transformative breakthroughs in personalized medicine and human biology. However, the complexity of gene interactions and the redundancy of molecular pathways revealed a surprising reality: individuals with similar genetic risk profiles often exhibit divergent disease outcomes. This limitation of precision medicine points to a deeper biological principle—the complementarity of complexity and redundancy—which we refer to as the paradox of biology, in the spirit of physicist Max Delbrück.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003eThis book explores two foundational paradoxes in biology that offer a novel framework for understanding life, evolution, and human uniqueness:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e1.\u003cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003e            \u003c\/span\u003eThe Paradox of Complementarity between molecular complexity and redundancy posits that biological systems are both intricately organized and equipped with overlapping, compensatory pathways. This duality confers robustness, adaptability, and resilience.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e2.\u003cspan style=\"mso-tab-count: 1;\"\u003e            \u003c\/span\u003eThe Paradox of Organismic Freedom examines how increasing biological complexity enables organisms to become progressively less constrained by their environments, culminating in the emergence of human autonomy and freedom.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"\u003eThese paradoxes are not anomalies but fundamental properties of living systems, offering broad explanatory power across molecular biology, evolutionary theory, and behavioral science.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003eDr. Rama Singh is a world recognized researcher and Professor at McMaster University. Born and raised in a rural village in India, he obtained his undergraduate and master’s degree from India and landed in Canada in 1968. He obtained his PhD from University of California Davis, and after spending a year as postdoctoral fellow at the University of Chicago and two years at Harvard, Dr. Singh joined Department of Biology at McMaster University as Assistant Professor in 1975.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHis area of expertise is evolutionary genetics and genomics, and his research has spanned from variation and evolution of sex and reproduction related genes to evolution of sexual dimorphism in diseases and mental disorders, and precision medicine. His recent work with women’s health including the evolution of menopause and maternal mortality has captured worldwide attention. He is past president of the Genetics Society of Canada (2010) and his research was recognized with a Fellowship by the American Association for Advancement of Science in 2005.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe has published over 175 papers including newspaper articles and opinion pieces that have appeared highly regarded journals, and newspapers. He has edited four books that were published by Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press. He is the founder of the Annual Mahatma Gandhi Peace Festival in the city of Hamilton in 1993, and he helped establish an Annual Mahatma Gandhi Lectures on Nonviolence at McMaster University in 1996. \u003cspan data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\"\u003eHe is an active member of the local peace and human rights community and chair of Gandhi Peace Festival committee. \u003c\/span\u003eDr. Singh public speaking engagement covers topic such as caste, class, race, sex and gender, and women's health.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePublication Date: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e07 September 2026\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePublisher: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpringer Nature Switzerland\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eImprint: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpringer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eISBN-13: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9783032333216\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFormat: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHardback\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50806413459596,"sku":"9783032333216","price":89.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/lateknightbooks.com\/products\/9783032333216","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}