This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the broad field of medical, biological engineering and computing. First volume of the proceedings of the XVII Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing (MEDICON 2026), held on September 14-17, 2026, in Siena, Italy, it reports on computational and data-driven methods supporting precision medicine and clinical decision. Contributions cover physics-based modeling, AI applications in medical imaging and healthcare, and advances in biosignal processing and wearable sensing. All in all, this book offers extensive and timely information to biomedical engineers, medical physicists, and healthcare professionals.