This book analyzes the transformative potential of blockchain technology for supply chains operating under uncertainty, offering actionable frameworks and strategies for sustainable, transparent, and data-driven business networks.It analyzes how blockchain technology can optimize supply chains in uncertain environments. It explores strategic implementations across industries such as oil and gas, renewables, and omni-channel retail, addressing challenges like efficiency, transparency, security, and environmental impact. The book introduces frameworks for component vs. product tracing, two-step authentication models, integrated network design, and traffic uncertainty modeling. Each chapter presents concepotual models and decision-making tools tailored for practitioners and researchers. It examines the use of smart contracts in blockchain-enabled supply chains, showcasing their potential to automate compliance, lower transaction costs, and build trust, while addressing key challenges such as legal enforceability, code vulnerabilities, and cross-jurisdictional governance. Furthermore, it explores synergies between blockchain and complementary technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), demonstrating how integrated systems can enable real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and autonomous decision-making in complex supply networks. It critically addresses adoption barriers and evaluates sustainability trade-offs, suggesting that these may incentivize green blockchain innovations to mitigate energy consumption concerns. By bridging theoretical foundations with real-world case studies, this book provides actionable strategies for adopting blockchain in complex, dynamic environments.

This book is structured to take the reader on a journey from the fundamental concepts of blockchain in supply chains, through its practical applications and optimizations in various industries, and finally to the specific challenges and innovative solutions for implementation.

Dr. Ardavan Babaei is an Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering at K. N. Toosi University of Technology (KNTU) and a Visiting Researcher at Istinye University, Türkiye. He received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, where his award-winning dissertation on traffic-aware supply chain optimization under uncertainty contributed to his recognition as the top doctoral graduate. He has published more than 40 articles in leading international journals, including Annals of Operations Research, Renewable Energy, Expert Systems with Applications, and Computers & Industrial Engineering. His research focuses on blockchain-enabled systems and smart supply chains, integrating machine learning, decision-support systems, and operations research to address complex industrial and supply chain problems.

Dr. Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee is an Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye. He has published more than 200 articles in leading international journals, including IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Expert Systems with Applications, Waste Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, Computers & Industrial Engineering, and Annals of Operations Research. He also serves as an editor and reviewer for numerous Web of Science- and Scopus-indexed journals. Dr. Babaee Tirkolaee was included in the “World’s Top 2% Scientists” list from 2021 to 2024, based on the ranking developed by Stanford University and published by Elsevier.

Prof. Dr. Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber is Professor and Chair of Marketing and Economic Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering Management at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. His research interests span operations research, financial mathematics, optimization and control, neuroscience and bioscience, data mining, education, and development. He is actively involved in the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO), where he serves as Advisor to EURO Conferences, as well as in the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS). Throughout his career, he has served on numerous international editorial and award boards, led several research projects, and received a wide range of honors from universities, conferences, students, and scientific organizations.