This book provides a deep dive into the powerful role that operations research (OR) plays in modernizing agriculture. By integrating OR techniques into farming practices, this book presents innovative solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in agriculture today, from optimizing crop production to enhancing resource efficiency and sustainability. In an era where agriculture faces mounting challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and the need for increased food production, this book offers a comprehensive guide for applying OR methods to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and promote sustainable farming practices. The book covers a range of essential topics, including mathematical modeling for agricultural systems, crop production optimization, supply chain management, risk management, resource sustainability, and the role of technology in farming. Each chapter delves into how cutting-edge OR techniques can solve real-world problems faced by farmers, agribusinesses, and policymakers.