The aim of this book is to integrate wide-ranging and interdisciplinary references on water resources and environmental systems, focusing on physical, chemical, and ecological processes controlling the water cycle of the Earth. This book highlights the dynamic interactions between surface water and groundwater, climate change and human activity. It illustrates advanced modeling approaches, sustainable management options, and novel technologies in water treatment and conservation in bridging theory and practice with policy. More critically, by integrating a scientific, engineering, and socio-political perspective, this book will act as a key resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the earth and environmental sciences.

In 1982, Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Gökçekuş received his degree in Geological Engineering Department at Ankara University. Then, in 1984 he commenced his M.Sc. degree at Middle East Technical University. From 1983 to 1990, he was a research assistant in the Geological Engineering Department at METU. In 1990, he received his Ph.D. degree in Geological Engineering Department. In 1992 and 1994, he was promoted to the rank of Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, respectively, and to the rank of Professor in 2001. His research interests include renewable energy, environment, groundwater, rainfall-runoff modelling, and artificial intelligence applications to hydro-environmental engineering, hydro-informatics and computational hydraulics.

Prof. Dr. Youssef Kassem received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Near East University, Cyprus, in 2009 and 2011, respectively. He continued his graduate studies in Mechanical Engineering, specializing in the field of thermo-fluids, at Near East University and completed his Ph.D. in 2017. Prof. Dr. Kassem served as an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at Near East University from 2018 to 2019, as an Associate Professor from 2020 to 2026, and has been a Professor since May 2026. His research interests include renewable energy, climate and energy systems, sustainable development, and artificial intelligence applications in mechanical and environmental engineering.