Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and other air pollutants are major yet modifiable contributors to cardiovascular disease. This edited volume follows the full continuum from pollutant sources and exposure assessment to biological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and prevention. Across 24 chapters in five sections, it examines how oxidative stress interacts with inflammation, autonomic dysregulation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic regulation to shape cardiovascular injury. It also asks why identical exposures do not produce identical risk. Mitochondrial functional reserve is presented as a framework for understanding when stress adaptation gives way to persistent dysfunction. Throughout, the chapters distinguish population associations, experimental findings, and clinically established benefits, giving a critical view of biomarkers, precision risk stratification, and therapeutic strategies. Written for researchers, clinicians, postgraduate students, and policymakers, the book offers an interdisciplinary foundation for understanding and reducing pollution-related cardiovascular risk.

Gino A. Kurian, PhD, is Professor in the School of Chemical and Biotechnology at SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India, where he leads the Vascular Biology Research Laboratory. His research in environmental cardiology and cardiovascular toxicology examines how airborne particulate matter and myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury affect mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, and endogenous cardioprotection. He has authored more than 140 peer-reviewed publications, has led externally funded research on particulate matter-associated cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and is a co-inventor of a mitochondrial respirometry platform. His translational interests include circulating markers of mitochondrial stress, platelet mitochondrial profiling, and occupational cardiovascular risk assessment. He is a recipient of the Golda Meir Fellowship (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and a Marie Curie Fellowship (European Union), and has been listed in the Stanford–Elsevier database of the world’s top 2% scientists..