The concept of this book is to provide clinicians with a broader understanding of screening and preventive diagnosis using radiological imaging. The book provides the first extensive introduction to this topic. The first part is dedicated to the fundamentals of screening and preventive diagnosis, and comprises chapters on epidemiology and pathology, technical and organizational aspects of radiological screening, and chapters on legal issues and cost-risk analysis. The second part of the book discusses the most important practical examples of radiological screening and surveillance, both for unselected populations, as well as for individual risk groups.