{"product_id":"9783642081453","title":"Many-Valued Logics 1: Theoretical Foundations","description":"\u003ch1\u003eMany-Valued Logics 1: Theoretical Foundations\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBolc, Leonard; Borowik, Piotr\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMany-valued logics were developed as an attempt to handle\nphilosophical     doubts about the \"law of excluded middle\" in\nclassical logic. The first     many-valued formal systems were\ndeveloped by J. Lukasiewicz in Poland and E.Post in the\nU.S.A. in the 1920s, and since then the field has               expanded\ndramatically as the applicability of the systems to                other\nphilosophical and semantic problems was recognized.\nIntuitionisticlogic, for example, arose from deep problems\nin the foundations of          mathematics. Fuzzy logics,\napproximation logics, and probability logics all address\nquestions that classical logic alone cannot answer. All\nthese   interpretations of many-valued calculi motivate\nspecific formal systems thatallow detailed mathematical\ntreatment.\nIn this volume, the authors are  concerned with finite-valued\nlogics, and especially with three-valued       logical calculi.\nMatrix constructions, axiomatizations of propositional     and\npredicate calculi, syntax, semantic structures, and\nmethodology are discussed. Separate chapters deal with\nintuitionistic logic, fuzzy logics,  approximation logics,\nand probability logics. These systems all find        application\nin practice, in automatic inference processes, which            have\nbeen decisive for the intensive development of these logics.\nThis  volume acquaints the reader with theoretical\nfundamentals of many-valued    logics. It is intended to be the\nfirst of a two-volume work. The second     volume will deal with\npractical applications and methods of automated       reasoning\nusing many-valued logics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2010-12-01\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9783642081453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-3-662-08494-6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 235cm x155cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 288\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44398721433740,"sku":"9783642081453","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9783642081453.jpg?v=1775766474","url":"https:\/\/lateknightbooks.com\/products\/9783642081453","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}