This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Health Information Science, held in Beijing, China, in April 2012. The 15 full papers presented together with 1 invited paper and 3 industry/panel statements in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of the health information sciences and the systems that support this health information management and health service delivery. The scope includes 1) medical/health/biomedicine information resources, such as patient medical records, devices and equipments, software and tools to capture, store, retrieve, process, analyze, optimize the use of information in the health domain, 2) data management, data mining, and knowledge discovery (in health domain), all of which play a key role in decision making, management of public health, examination of standards, privacy and security issues, and 3) development of new architectures and applications for health information systems.