The authors' main emphasis is on conveying practical techniques for the collection, concentration, fixation, staining and analysis of cellular material. They clearly discuss the circumstances under which new techniques are advisible and the relevance of these techniques when difficult questions of detail arise. At the same time, basic scientific principles are presented in comprehensible form. The atlas section gives examples of urinary cytology, compares pathological with normal results, discusses the problems in differential diagnosis and points the way to solutions.