Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly embedded in our everyday lives, ranging from consumer-facing applications such as chatbots and recommendation engines to applications in high-risk domains like healthcare and autonomous driving. While these systems promise improved efficiency, creativity, and decision-making for their human users, they also introduce significant challenges related to usability, transparency, trust, and alignment with human values. This dissertation addresses these challenges by advancing the field of Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) and its specialization, Symbiotic Artificial Intelligence (SAI), which envisions AI systems that augment rather than replace human capabilities.

The main contribution of this book is a negotiation-based model of Human–AI Interaction, grounded in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, and Ethics. This model reconceptualizes interaction as a dynamic and adaptive process, enabling users to retain control, share decision-making authority, and iteratively influence AI behavior. The model is validated through empirical studies in multiple domains, spanning different levels of risk and technological paradigms, including traditional and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). 

Andrea Esposito is a researcher who has earned a PhD in Computer Science and Mathematics at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Bari Aldo Moro. He is an active member of the Interaction, Visualization, Usability & UX (IVU) Laboratory, where his research focuses on Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence. His interests lie in Human-Computer Interaction, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, and Human-AI Interaction.

Andrea earned his Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science and Digital Communication, as well as his Master’s Degree in Computer Science (Artificial Intelligence) from the University of Bari Aldo Moro. He has also worked as a scholarship researcher at the university, contributing to the ISO 25000-certified project “eGLU-Box PA” and the Human-Centred AI project “SERENE,” among other research activities.

As part of his Ph.D. studies, Andrea spent six months as a visiting researcher at Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) in Munich and another six months at a corporate research laboratory with Eusoft S.r.l., gaining valuable international and industry experience. He also collaborates with the European Network of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence “Humane-AI,” further expanding his research network and expertise.

Andrea is committed to advancing the field of Human-Centred AI, working to improve the interaction between humans and AI systems.