In 1976, she professionalized in history of science. Her historical research focuses on the nineteenth- and twentieth-century history of chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology; science national style, and institutionalization and communication networks in modern science. She has written, among others, the books Who Are We?(1978), and (with J. Janko) Science in Purkinje’s Time (1988). She has published about 300 scientific articles and edited several volumes and one encyclopedia, among them recently (with I. Stamhuis and K. Mojsejová) Women Scholars and Institutions, 2004; (with B. Hoppe and N. Robin) International Networks, Exchange and Circulation of Knowledge in Life Sciences 18th to 20th Centuries, (Archives international d’ histoire de sciences, 2006). She has co-edited with A. Kildebaek Nielsen the monograph Creating Networks in Chemistry; The Founding and Early History of Chemical Societies in Europe  (Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 2008) and with A. Kostlán the encyclopedia One Hundred Czech Scholars in Exile (Academia, Prague 2011) and the conference proceedings Scholars in Exile and Dictatorships of the 20th Century (Prague 2011) .

Štrbáňova is Past President of the European Society for the History of Science, Effective Member of the International Academy of History of Science, member of the Czech National Committee for History of Science and Technology, member of the IUHPS/DHST Commission Women in Science, and member of the EuCheMS Working Party on History of Chemistry. She has received several awards,among them in 2012, the Medal for Contribution to History of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences and  Prize of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.