This book explores how emerging technologies are shaping the future of agriculture, with a particular focus on innovative sensing and automation techniques. Topics covered include, but are not limited to: fruit detection and localization for harvesting robots, remote sensing and AI-driven crop yield prediction, and novel methods for assessing fruit nutrition and ripeness. A detailed case study on the development of an apple harvesting robot is also included. One of the book’s key strengths lies in its balanced integration of theoretical exposition and practical application. The case studies are added to help readers understand how theoretical concepts are implemented in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this work aims to provide readers with a systematic, comprehensive, and up-to-date overview of advanced technologies poised to transform modern agriculture.