This book examines how European vocational education and training (VET) can move beyond fragmented reforms towards coherent, systemic transformation. Set against the backdrop of climate change, digitalisation, demographic shifts, and geopolitical uncertainty, it argues that VET is no longer a peripheral pathway but a strategic pillar of Europe’s resilience, competitiveness, and social cohesion.

The chapters trace the historical evolution of European VET, identifying key milestones and comparing national models, including Germany’s established dual system and Romania’s ongoing reform trajectory. These developments are situated within major European Union (EU) policy frameworks such as the European Green Deal, the Digital Education Action Plan, and the European Skills Agenda. Going beyond diagnosis, this book advances a set of forward looking proposals, including a unified European VET framework, a dual certification mechanism to strengthen company engagement, and the establishment of a European Skills Intelligence Partnership in cooperation with technology actors.

Positioning VET as a strategic lever rather than a secondary educational track, this book offers a clear roadmap for reform. By integrating academic analysis with concrete policy design, it serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, industry leaders, and social partners committed to shaping a greener, more digital, and inclusive European future.

Miklos-Marius Veres is a researcher in vocational education and training (VET) with extensive practical and managerial experience as a teacher and educational counsellor at the Gheorghe Sincai Techological High School, Targu Mures. He holds a PhD in Engineering and Management from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. His research focuses on VET systems, educational policies, the design and implementation of innovative solutions for vocational education, and the development of sustainable educational strategies.

Cristina Veres is a lecturer at the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures. She holds a PhD in Engineering and Management from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, and completed her postdoctoral studies in Economics at the School of Advanced Studies of the Romanian Academy. Her research interests span engineering and management, education, and vocational training, with an emphasis on the intersection of educational systems and workforce development. She is also the author of more than 60 scientific articles.