This volume provides an application-driven perspective on how cutting-edge genomic science can reshape crop and livestock production for sustainability and resilience. It begins with foundational chapters on sequencing technologies, from Sanger and next-generation sequencing to emerging long-read platforms, before advancing through key omics layers: epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and functional genomics. Further, it explores bioinformatics tools essential for data interpretation and highlights innovations such as CRISPR-Cas systems and AI-driven genomic analytics. Uniquely, this book bridges molecular science with real-world agricultural applications. The presented case studies illustrate genomic selection, marker-assisted breeding and microbiome engineering for crop improvement, livestock health and biodiversity conservation. Additionally, the chapters address ethical, regulatory and socio-economic dimensions, ensuring readers understand both the scientific and policy frameworks shaping agri-genomic adoption globally.

This volume is designed for researchers, graduate students, breeders and agri-tech professionals. It also serves as a reference for courses spanning agricultural genomics, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetics and bioinformatics. By combining conceptual clarity with actionable insights, it equips readers to harness genomic innovations for climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.

Dr. Olubukola O. Babalola is a Professor of microbial ecology and food security at North-West University, South Africa, and Vice President of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). An NRF-rated scientist, she leads pioneering research on soil–plant–microbe interactions and genomic applications for sustainable agriculture. Prof. Babalola has authored over 450 publications, and holds an H-index of 93, and ranks among Africa’s top scholars in soil science and plant nutrition. Her work spans metagenomics, microbial biotechnology and climate-resilient cropping systems. 

Dr. Ben J. Enagbonma is a Research Associate in microbial biotechnology at North-West University, South Africa. His expertise includes soil microbial ecology, plant–microbe interactions, metagenomics and bioinformatics. Dr. Enagbonma has contributed to numerous peer-reviewed publications and has received prestigious awards, including the NRF/TWAS Doctoral Scholarship and AGNES Grant. Trained in advanced genomics and big data analysis at ICTP and DOE Joint Genome Institute, he focuses on leveraging microbial diversity and genomic tools to enhance crop resilience and environmental sustainability.