Bone tissue as a complex biological structure performs an important function by supporting the body's overall structure and enabling a range of physiological processes. This tissue consists of several cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, which collaborate to maintain bone homeostasis by continuously resorbing and forming bone. The regeneration of bone defects is an intricate process that involves the synchronized activity of various cell types and signalling pathways. Additionally, it is influenced by mechanical stress, growth factors, and hormones, which all contribute to its dynamic nature. Bone tissue engineering involves investigating the development of biological materials and scaffolds that mimic natural bone tissue's structure and function. These biomaterials are designed to promote bone regeneration and integrity and could potentially revolutionize the treatment of bone-related disorders.

This book thoroughly examines the structure and function of bone, exploring the different methods employed to achieve functional bone tissue and its regeneration. The discussion is around the cultivation and specialization of bone tissue in controlled laboratory settings and the influence of elements such as mechanical stimulation on its formation. The book makes an effort to include both old and modern methods that speed up the process of bone growth. It explores the latest developments in biomaterials science, regenerative medicine, and fabrication technology. The book also discusses the achievements, constraints, and prospects for bone regeneration. In addition, we analyse a wide range of translational and clinical investigations in bone tissue engineering, focusing on the latest developments and obstacles related to using designed constructions and stem cells in clinical settings. Overall, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is an advancing field of research that holds significant potential for improving bone-related disorders' treatment which are included and discussed in the book.

Prof. Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad is the head of bone and cartilage group at Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran. He founded the adult stem cell lab in 2004 and started his research on mesenchymal stem cells as a potent tool in cell therapy for orthopedic diseases. He has super-vised numerous investigations in basic sciences, preclinical and some clinical trials related to regenerative medicine. He has been appreciated with over 6 major national and international awards notably, Royan International Research Award for Reproductive Biomedicine and Stem Cell Researches (2006), the award for the Leading Researcher of Tehran (2007), The Best Researcher Award from Razi Medicine Festival (2009), the award from National Festival for Commemorating Distinguished Researchers (2010), the award for the exemplary scientist and staff of the year 2015 by ACECR (The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Iran). In 2018 and 2019, he was included in the list of scientific leaders of Iran. In the last several years he was also listed among the Stanford/Elsevier Top 2% Scientists. Springer Nature selected one of the Eslaminejad chapter books with the title of “3D Printing in Dentistry” as one of 2020 highlighted research. He has published more than 300 articles and 200 abstracts in peer-reviewed journals as well as national and international conferences. He has also contributed to 30 chapters and authored four books including the book “Cartilage: from Biology to Biofabrication” published by Springer nature (2023).

Samaneh Hosseini is an assistant professor in the Department of Cell Engineering at the Royan Institute in Tehran, Iran. Her research focuses on Tissue Engineering and regenerative medicine, with a specialization in mimetic peptides, extracellular vesicles and cell-based strategies for bone and cartilage regeneration. She has conducted numerous research projects spanning basic science and preclinical studies within the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and has supervised a broad spectrum of graduate students. She serves as a reviewer for several international journals, including Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Inter-national Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal of Cellular Physiology, Acta Biomaterialia, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, and Bioactive materials. With over 14 years of teaching experience in tissue engineering and nanobiotechnology, she has published more than 40 peer-reviewed research articles and contributed as an author or co-author to 16 book chapters. Her publication on "3D Printing in Dentistry" was selected as a Springer Nature highlight in 2020. Notably, she is one of the editors of the book "Cartilage: From Biology to Biofabrication" published in 2023.