This book sorts out the experience and achievements of China's demography development, explores its internal laws, and looks forward to its future trends. It summarizes the achievements, experience, gains and losses of various branches of demography from the aspects of population statistics, population and economy, population and society, population resources and environmental economics. The book presents the research ideas, exploration methods and cognitive paths of contemporary demographic-related scholars on population issues, shows the context of 70 years of demographic development in the PRC, and strives to build a demography with Chinese characteristic.