This book presents a rigorous and comprehensive exploration of inlier-prone models, delving into their theoretical foundations and wide-ranging applications. Inliers—like outliers—represent atypical observations, but unlike outliers, they tend to appear in clusters rather than in isolation. Traditional statistical methods often overlook this phenomenon, necessitating the use of non-standard probability distributions, which is an emerging area of interest in statistical research.
Through a multidisciplinary lens, the book examines the presence and impact of inliers across various fields, including statistics, social sciences, survival analysis, and clinical research, while also extending their relevance to other disciplines. Beyond technical insights, it thoughtfully addresses academic significance, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary connections, making it an indispensable resource for researchers, scholars, and practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding of inlier behavior and its implications.

K. Muralidharan is Professor in the Department of Statistics at the Faculty of Science, the Maharajah Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. He is an MSc in Statistics from Calicut University, Kerala, an MPhil and PhD in Statistics from Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, and has completed a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. An internationally certified Six Sigma Master Black Belt from the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, he has more than 33 years of experience in teaching and research. He has mentored 7 doctoral students and contributed more than 150 research papers to national and international journals. 

His expertise lies in statistical inference, applied stochastic point processes, reliability and life testing, industrial statistics, quality, and Six Sigma. He serves as the coordinating editor of the Journal of Probability and Statistical Science (Taiwan) and is associate editor for several journals. His achievements include prestigious fellowships, such as the Commonwealth Academic Fellowship (British Council, UK), and the Fellow Award from the Indian Society for Probability and Statistics. He also is a principal member of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi. He has led five major research projects funded by the UGC and the DST, alongside supervising numerous student projects in statistical methods and Six Sigma. He have been awarded "Fellow of Royal Statistical Soceity, London" in the year 2024.