Introduces the four commonly-used measures of vegetation and their associated units and integrates them into a practical statistical variability point of view. Presents comprehensive coverage of frequency, cover, density, and biomass measurements and considers the special case of measures of vegetation characteristics obtained via remote sensing. Provides a balanced view of conceptual and practical characteristics of measurement procedures. Includes references to numerous case studies and illustrates the differences in estimates of individual measures obtained by various techniques and units.

Charles D. Bonham is Professor Emeritus of Rangeland Science, Colorado State University, USA.