This CCPS Concept book shows designers and operators of chemical facilities how to realistically estimate the flammable mass in a cloud of accidentally released material that is capable of igniting. It provides information on industry experience with flammable vapor clouds, basic concepts of fires and explosions, and an overview of related computer programs.

JOHN L. WOODWARD, PhD, is Senior Principal Consultant in the Process Safety Division of Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc. in San Antonio, Texas. He has been actively involved in consequence modeling for both the DNV PHAST and BakerRisk SafeSite codes for many years. He was invited by the GAO as part of a team of LNG experts to review LNG safety issues.