This book contains selected papers from the 23rd World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC 2025) in Bahrain. WREC promotes global renewable energy development and features leading international experts, policymakers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, and business practitioners addressing the most current research in sustainable energy development and innovation. The contributions address policy, finance, technology, and applications across a wide range of topics, including photovoltaic technology, solar thermal and geothermal applications, sustainable and low-energy architecture, biomass and waste-to-energy, water, hydropower and ocean energy, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and much more. Coverage also includes the use of artificial intelligence to optimize renewables, as well as meteorology and climate data, in understanding sustainability.

Dr. Ali Sayigh is Chairman and Founder of the World Renewable Energy Congress and Council, Director General of the World Renewable Energy Network (WREN), Chairman and Founder of the Arab Solar Energy Society, and Past Chairman of the UK Solar Energy Society. Dr. Sayigh was recently elected to chair the Iraqi Energy Institute, and he actively consults on renewable and sustainable energy issues for several international organizations, including UNESCO, ISESCO, UNDP, ESCWA, and UNIDO. Dr. Sayigh was Director of Solar Seminars at ICTP Trieste, Italy, from 1977 to 1995; Professor of Solar Energy at King Saud, Kuwait, and Reading Universities from 1969 to 1994; and Professor of Engineering at the University of Hertfordshire from 1994 to 2004. He was the founding expert in Renewable Energy at AOPEC. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Energy, a Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and a Chartered Engineer. He has published more than 400 papers and has contributed to and edited more than 30 books. Dr. Sayigh has been Editor and Editor in Chief of several international journals, including Renewable Energy and the International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, and Editor-in-Chief of the reference work Comprehensive Renewable Energy.