This book explores the institutions, practices, and bilateral relations that shaped Ottoman diplomacy across Europe from the early modern period to the early twentieth century. Drawing on original archival research, it demonstrates the sophistication of Ottoman diplomatic culture and reassesses the Empire’s place within the European diplomatic order. Covering relations with major European powers and examining both diplomatic institutions and individual encounters, the volume provides fresh insights into Ottoman-European relations and the evolution of diplomacy across the early modern and modern worlds.

Mehmet Akif Kirecci is Professor of International Relations at the Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey.

Hacer Topaktaş–Üstüner is Professor of History at Istanbul University, Turkey.