This book explores structural economic reforms concerning labor markets, production, and fiscal markets that support economic, social, and environmental resilience in a time of negative shocks to economic activity and global growth. After the series of shocks in previous years, in 2025, the global landscape is changing under the pressure of trade tensions causing governments around the world to reorder priorities, to resettle international trade channels and supply chains, and to address domestic policy and structural imbalances to ensure internal economic and financial security and stability. Feature select papers presented at the 2025 International Conference “Economic Scientific Research—Theoretical, Empirical, and Practical Approaches” (ESPERA) held in Bucharest, Romania, this book provides the latest research and developments in the world economy to understand transformational drivers of national economies and strategies, policies, and tools for economic reform. It enriches understanding of development and improvement of economic and social forecasting tools and explores demo economic cycles and transitions.

Luminita Chivu is Managing Director and Senior Researcher at the National Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kiritescu” (INCE), Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. Her research focuses on economics of agriculture, rural development, labor market, economic growth, European integration, economic restructuring, industrial relations, and working conditions.
Valeriu Ioan-Franc is Founding Member and Deputy Director of the National Institute of Economic Research “Costin C. Kiritescu” (INCE), Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. He is also Executive Director of the Romanian Center for Compared and Consensual Economy, Director of the Economic Information and Documentation Center, and President of the “Pierre Werner” Center of Studies and Documentation Romania-Luxemborg. He has published numerous scientific papers in marketing.
George Georgescu is Senior Researcher and Deputy Director of the National Institute of Economic Research “Costin C. Kiritescu” (INCE), Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. He has an extensive experience in various areas of economic research, including macroeconomic and financial balances, labor market, industrial restructuring, FDI, internationalization of companies).
Ignacio De Los Ríos Carmenado is Full Professor and Director of the GESPLAN Research Group at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Jean-Vasile Andrei is Full Professor at Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Department of Business Administration, and Ph.D. Mentor in economics at Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania. He is Co-founder and Scientific Coordinator of the Research Network on Resources Economics and Bioeconomy (RebResNet).