Earthquakes remain among the most devastating natural hazards, posing persistent threats to lives, infrastructure, and economies worldwide. Over the past several decades, remarkable advances have been made in our understanding of earthquake processes, seismic hazard assessment, ground-motion modeling, structural vulnerability, and risk analysis. At the same time, rapid developments in computational methods, data availability, physics-based earthquake simulations, and probabilistic methodologies have transformed the practice of seismic hazard assessment and its applications in earthquake engineering, risk management, and disaster resilience. This book brings together these recent developments in a comprehensive reference that spans the complete framework of modern seismic hazard and risk assessment. By combining theoretical developments with practical applications and real-world case studies, the book seeks to bridge the gap between earthquake science, engineering practice, and societal decision-making.