Polysaccharide esters (cellulose and starch) are among the first polymeric materials applied commercially. The way of producing these technically relevant derivatives has changed little during the entire history of their manufacture. In the last decade, investigation of new acylation methods and strategies of analysis was revived by the search for tailored, biocompatible, material for specific fields of application, e.g., biotechnology, sensor techniques and medicine. This book provides the first practical, comprehensive summary of modern acylation methods.