This open access book deals with Article 7 TEU measures, court proceedings, financial sanctions and the EU Rule of Law Framework to protect EU values with a particular focus on checks and balances in EU Member States. It analyses substantive standards, powers, procedures as well as the consequences and implications of the various instruments. It combines the analysis of the European level, be it the EU or the Council of Europe, with that of the national level, in particular in Hungary and  Poland. The LM judgment of the European Court of Justice is made subject to detailed scrutiny.

Armin von Bogdandy is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg

Piotr Bogdanowicz is Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Administration, Warsaw University

Iris Canor is Professor, School of Law, College of Management, Zefat Academic College, Israel

Christoph Grabenwarter is President of the Austrian Constitutional Court and Professor for Public Law, Business Law and International Law at the Vienna University of Economics and Business

Maciej Taborowski is Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Administration, Warsaw University

Matthias Schmidt is Research Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg