This book explores the historical factors and social transformations that shaped the modern Chinese academic system during the late Qing and early Republican periods, with a particular focus on such influential figures as Zhang Taiyan and Hu Shi. Through a combination of historical analysis and cultural criticism, it delves into themes such as “truth-seeking” and practical application within the context of evolving intellectual currents. Readers gain valuable insights into the evolution of modern Chinese scholarship, enhancing their understanding of its complexities and significance within the broader academic landscape.

Pingyuan Chen is Boya Chair Professor in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Peking University. He has held teaching and research roles at prestigious institutions, such as the University of Tokyo and Harvard University. His research interests encompass twentieth-century Chinese literature, modern Chinese education, and the interplay between text and imagery. Professor Chen has authored over thirty influential publications, including The Change of Narrative Modes in Chinese Fiction (1898–1927) and A Historical Study of Early Modern Chinese Fictions (1890–1920). He has received numerous national accolades for his significant contributions to the humanities and social sciences. His scholarly work is widely recognized in academic circles, underscoring his importance in the field of Chinese literary studies. His expertise continues to enrich the understanding of modern Chinese literature and culture.